Gathering Research Data Paper Essay

Within the criminal justice system there are various types of data gathering research methods that can be utilized. The method chosen for this research paper is the email survey method. The proposed research for this paper is job satisfaction within the police field with emphasis on the patrol officers. With patrol officers being the backbone of the police departments the research should be pretty insightful. The main goal of this research is to pinpoint the patrol officers’ main dissatisfactions during their workdays. The specific interview structure that will be used is an email questionnaire survey. This type of survey will allow and hopefully enable every patrol officer to participate and it will also allow graphical results. Just about every criminal justice case begins and ends with a patrol officer. Beginning with the criminal offense report, to the arrest, and ending at the testifying in court. Although there are many various key players in most cases besides the patro l officer, it is highly unlikely that crime reduction would exist without the patrol officer. Understanding the needs of a patrol officer and what is pleasing and displeasing on the job is key to crime reduction. A happy employee does their job successfully and to the best of their ability. An unhappy patrol officer will definitely not complete tasks let alone risk their lives for another individual. The department has the responsibility to ensure that the majority of its patrol officers are satisfied with their working conditions to prevent silent strikes and to also prevent behavior manifestation. Using an email questionnaire survey would be the interview structure used to conduct the research regarding the employee satisfaction. This survey will involve the simple format of a YES or NO option only. Constructing a different variables list will enable determination of what issues the questions will be based on. This list will also ensure that main concerns and topics are covered along with not duplicating any issues. Configuring what type of  data and data analysis is needed will be the next venture followed by figuring out how to word the questionnaire. Taking into consideration patrol officer lingo and technical wording to avoid any biased or compounding variables to each question. Some examples of questions that would be asked are: 1. Do you intentionally avoid police functions when off duty? 2. Do you take a level of pride when wearing your uniform? 3. Do you take sick days when you are not ill? 4. Do you hide your profession when off duty? 5. Do you take extended training courses or classes to avoid fieldwork? 6. Do you use cellphones, tablets, or any other devices to entertain yourself while on duty? 7. Do you avoid public interaction while on duty? Using these initial questions will not only help me gather data on satisfaction but will also help me gather data on other issues as well. An example of other issues would be the topic of whether or not response time intertwines with officer satisfaction and how this affects crime statistics. This type of qualitative data gathering is a great advantage because it records attitudes, feelings, and behaviors. (â€Å"Analyse This!!! Learning To Analyse Qualitative Data†, (2008)). As mentioned also opens up new topic areas that were not initially considered. These initial questions are also structured or closed ended questions in which will involve the needed information. Which means the data collected from the answers won’t involve thorough answers that need to be explained. In completion of the questionnaire questions, a small group of similar respondents will take a pretest that will point out any confusion or misunderstanding of question formatting and wording. To have the best outcome of participants and to ensure the best results, compensation would be offered in the form of extra paid time. This will also ensure a more quantitative data analysis due to a larger number of people responding to the survey. Some researchers believe that rewards and/or incentives given to people who participate in surveys increases response and reliability A tailored design method or TDM will be used with this email survey question. According to Hagan ((2010)), â€Å"The â€Å"tailored design method† or TDM, â€Å"uses multiple contacts seeking response and endorsements to increase response rates† by â€Å"tailoring the survey to the  group being studied in order to foster trust, increase rewards, and decrease the cost of participation.† This phase would be to get endorsed by the patrol unions to ensure and response, respect, and acceptability of the survey in the patrol officer’s eyes. These unions were founded and organized to assist and defend patrol officers, with the backing of these unions the participation and legitimacy would be highly prosperous. In turn, the unions will be knowledgeable with the results of the survey. One of the main focuses of this survey will be that it is truly an anonymous survey, and that each individual who fills out a survey remains anonymous and has no ties or repercussions from their answers. A few approaches to this could be survey kiosks or ballet boxes. These would allow no log on requirements or have any tracks on keystrokes. It is detrimental that informed consent and confidentiality be withheld and not compromised. According to â€Å"The Role Of Numeracy In Informed Consent For Surveys† ((2009)), â€Å"Two key ethical issues for survey researchers are obtaining informed consent and maintaining the confidentiality of responses. Informed consent implies that two requirements have been met: (1) that research participants have been informed about the essential elements of the research, including the risks and benefits of participation, and have understood the information; and (2) that they have given their consent to participate†. If compromised the survey answers could potentially cause issues with employment or job environments. This type of outcome could cause the survey to become unreliable and null and void. References: Analyse This!!! Learning to analyse qualitative data. ((2008)). Retrieved from http://archive.learnhigher.ac.uk/analysethis/main/qualitative1.html Hagan, F. E. ((2010)). Research Methods in Criminal Justice and Criminology (8th ed.).Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. The Role of Numeracy in Informed Consent for Surveys. ((2009)). Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2857726/

Pi Patel’s View of Religion Essay

By following three very different religions Pi is trying to state that it is not what religion you belong to but how spiritually content you are is important. To say that Pi â€Å"attracts religions like a dog attracts fleas† is the opposite of what he believes he is achieving by practicing Islam, Hinduism, and Christianity at the same time. He is simply trying to grasp what one religion is teaching by looking for answers in another. When Pi’s parents and religious leaders criticize him for having multiple religions, they are being close minded and critical, which is exactly what his three religions are not about. This further justifies his multiple religious practices. He is also trying to show that the first religion you are introduced to is not always the best suited to you and it is worth exploring your options. By doing something that is considered slightly sacrilegious he demonstrates that exploring your options, even if it is three religions at once, will leave y ou more spiritually content.

Bessie Smith and Billie Holiday Essay Example for Free

Bessie Smith and Billie Holiday Essay Bill Crow’s Jazz Anecdotes is a thought-provoking, often amusing collection of stories from within jazz’s inner circles, told by and about some of the genre’s leading figures. While not a history of jazz, it gives readers some insights to how jazz artists worked, lived, bonded, and coped with an America in which many were still outsiders. The book’s forty-three chapters (expanded from the original 1990 edition) describe the life jazz musicians shared, offering insights into a rather exclusive, unconventional circle of performing artists. The numerous anecdotes are categorized by chapters, gathering related tales and moving from a general overview of jazz life to anecdotes about individuals, like Louis Armstrong, Miles Davis, and Benny Goodman. Essentially, Crow creates a context in which jazz musicians lived, and then places individual musicians within it, giving readers a better understanding of how they functioned in this rarified climate. For example, the volume opens with â€Å"Wild Scenes,† which Crow says describes how â€Å"the individuality of jazz musicians combines with the capricious world in which they try to make a living† (Crow 3). The brief chapter sets the stage for the rest of the book, giving glimpses of the unconventional world jazz musicians inhabited (which explains to some degree their relationship to society at large). â€Å"The Word ‘Jazz’† contains attempts to explain the origins of the genre’s name, and â€Å"Inventions† offers accounts of how certain innovations occurred (such as Dizzy Gillespie’s distinctive bent trumpet), giving the reader a sense of history though the work is not an orthodox history per se. Many of the stories contained in Jazz Anecdotes convey the musicians’ camaraderie and warmth toward each other, as well as each other’s idiosyncrasies. Others convey how difficult and often arbitrary the jazz lifestyle often was. â€Å"Hiring and Firing† demonstrates how unstable many musicians’ careers were, rife with disputes over money or dismissals for their personal quirks. (For example, Count Basie fired Lester Young for refusing to participate in recording sessions occurring on the 13th of any month. ) â€Å"Managers, Agents, and Bosses† offers a glimpse into the seamier underside of jazz, where dishonest managers and mobsters often trapped jazz performers in unfair contracts or worse. Though jazz musicians appear to inhabit a special world, Crow does not discuss jazz in a social vacuum, tying it to social phenomena like race relations. In â€Å"Prejudice,† the tales take a more serious tone by showing how black jazz artists faced abundant racism, particularly in the South. However, Crow notes that â€Å"Jazz helped to start the erosion of racial prejudice in America . . . [because] it drew whites and blacks together into a common experience† (Crow 148). Jazz artists dealt with racism in various ways – Bessie Smith and Billie Holiday stood up to it while Zutty Singleton accepted it. Meanwhile, even white musicians like Stan Smith angered both races – whites for performing with blacks, and blacks for â€Å"intruding on their music† (Crow 152). The final chapters focus on individual artists, illustrating the greats’ personalities. Louis Armstrong emerges as earthy and good-hearted; Bessie Smith as strong and willful but ultimately self-destructive; Fats Waller is an impish pleasure-seeker given to excellent music but poor business decisions; and Benny Goodman as gifted but tight-fisted and controlling. Taken as a whole, Jazz Anecdotes offers a look at jazz’s human side, including its foibles, genius, camaraderie, crookedness, and connection to an American society from which it sometimes stood apart. Its legendary figures are depicted as gifted, devoted artists who enjoyed hedonism, companionship, and particularly independence. If any single thing stands out in this book, it is the latter; for the figures in this work, jazz meant creativity and freedom, which they pursued with equal vigor and vitality. Crow, Bill. Jazz Anecdotes. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005. Bessie Smith and Billie Holiday. (2016, Aug 28).

Fall of usher's house Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fall of usher's house - Essay Example Readers are made to perceive the personality and the deteriorating mental condition of Usher through the narrator’s eyes. The fall of the House of Usher is a story in which the narrator exercises an immense control over readers. The narrator never even by chance drops in irrelevant or loose facts that may be used by readers to construct a parallel understanding of their own. Right from the very start, the narrator constructs an image of Usher, which appears to the unsuspecting readers as utterly strange and spooky. In fact, the narrator goes on to build on these personality attributes of Usher, by conveying a personal understanding of him, through the spectacles of his childhood recollections. The whole idea is to highlight the utter ominous nature of the house of Usher and Usher’s mysterious relation to this rotting and isolated property. Instead of extending to readers a guided tour through the narrative, the narrator rather makes them a partner in his own personal st ock of fears and apprehensions, as he says, â€Å"with the first glimpse of the building, a sense of insufferable gloom pervaded my spirit (Poe 1).† Each new facet of Usher’s personality revealed by the narrator further strengthens this feeling of dread. It is a fact that people seldom fear those things that they can clearly see and understand. So to make the story more intimidating, disturbing and horrid, the narrator makes it a point to stun the readers’ understanding by bombarding it with a range of sensations, fears and visions. The details provided by the narrator, like the gloomy and dark atmosphere in the house, the tattered and dusty furniture, and his dread that he has entered another world tend to build on a mood of awe, fear and expectation. Moreover, in case of Madeline, the narrator allows readers only an apparition like brief glimpse of her, as he conveys, â€Å"I regarded her with an utter astonishment not unmingled with dread (Poe 1).† The narrator exploits

MD4 Assgmnt 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

MD4 Assgmnt 1 - Essay Example The criticism on PowerPoint is also focused on a state of boredom and fatigue of the slide-based presentations. This boredom can be attributed to poor planning by the presenter. Failure to arrange your presentations in time can create a bad presentation. Failure to know to know the audience makes it tricky for the presenter to tailor the content. If the tone fails to go in line with the display, then it becomes uneasy for the audience to get the picture of your presentation. This can only be achieved by planning what to present to the audience before you create your visual aid. One also needs to develop a straightforward outline that visibly develops the main points. This should be followed by creating visual aids to support your intended message. One should also use visual aids in moderation where need be. These aids should also be made observable to the whole audience. One must also ensure that you are talking to the audience but not the aid. The substance of aid should be explained when one first show it. Continuity of the presentation is needed when making a presentation. This assists the audience to get the big depiction of your presentation. Visual continuity also helps to keep the presentation in

Sampling Design Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sampling Design - Coursework Example Apart from the above, two other clusters were designed pertaining to the same periods for comparison. The population there consisted of registered nurses that graduated during or after the 2002 period and did not resort to practice before earning licenses rendered in United States. Here, the population for the 2004-05 periods was further focused to only the 15 states used for making the prior 2007-08 accessibility population sample (Brewer, Kovner and Yingrengreung 35). The analysis of the above stages reflect on the forming of certain clustered sets of population depending on changes in attributes and thus involves the incorporation of clustered sampling techniques (Kothari 65). Appropriateness of the Design The design earns appropriateness in that the study was based on understanding perceptual differences in the registered nursing population pertaining to the parameters of job satisfaction and desire to continue with the same profession owing to the emergence of recessionary job c limate. Registered Nursing samples pertaining to the two different periods were effectively chosen to draw meaningful comparison of turnover rates owing to development in the economic scenario of the region. Discussion of the Sample Design Used The sampling design identified to have been used pertaining to the case essentially indicates the use of clustered sampling method in that different clusters are generated from the larger population group of registered nurses. The first cluster involves selection of samples of registered nurses pertaining to the period ranging from 1st August to 31st July pertaining to 2004-5 so that they are the largest contributors of the turnover population surveyed during 2006. The second cluster focuses on the selection of registered nursing groups pertaining to the 2007-08 period. Herein the population set is selected from only 15 states that effectively contributed to the identification of newly registered nurses. The third and fourth cluster pertainin g to the periods ranging from 2004-2005 and 2007-2008 involved only such groups of registered nurses that have graduated during and after 2002 and did not commence practice outside United States before gaining the license. These two clusters were constructed for comparison purpose (Brewer, Kovner and Yingrengreung 35). Evaluation of Requirement for a Different Sampling Design The use of the clustered sampling technique pertaining to the case rendered earns significance for it helps in the creation of certain focused groups out of the larger population, thereby aiding in the effective accomplishment of the research objective. The clusters selected are found to be of a non-overlapping nature. Target Population The Target Population The target population essentially consisted of registered nurses belonging to two groups 2004-05 and 2007-08 that have earned registrations under the state licensing schemes during and after the 2002 period and also were such that did not start nursing prac tice before earning the required license. This involved the target population for it helped in the getting hold of registered nurses along two different periods that contributed to the understanding of changing perception levels of such nurses based on changes in the economic and employment environment of United States. The Accessible Population The accessible population pertaining to the selection of

Investigative journalism Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Investigative journalism - Assignment Example quake struck the Port-au-Prince in 2010 January along the Hispaniola Dominican Republic-Haiti border, the initial response brought the two nations together. For instance, the two nations worked together by developing emergency aids tools equipped with health professionals supported by the United Nations to control the condition. Nevertheless, neither Dominican majority citizens nor its government has shown mercy to the Haitian Immigrants in their midst through political, social and human rights (Maximay, P. 73). For instance, Jenny Moron, a Santo Domingo based legal coordinator for the movement of the Dominican-Haiti women rights concur with abuses, discrimination and social prejudice faced by the Haitian immigrants from the Dominican Republic citizens. Conversely, within the Southern Border that provides a link between the Dominican Pedernales town, and the Anse-a-Pitre Haitian city emerge as the source of conflicts that exists between the two nations. Along this region, it has been found that, there are a lot of crimes cases committed by the Dominican border guards to the Haitians immigrants. For example, there are stabbing cases and shooting of the Haitian motorists who tries to cross the border for social amenities and human needs (Maximay, P. 59). However, when the January 2010 earthquake struck the Haitian-Dominican border, the Dominican Republic responded ineffectively to opening of the border for free cross of Humanitarians’, food and medical supplies. For this reason, there was a lot of congestion of the Haitian immigrants at the cross-border resulting in the outbreak of communicable diseases such as Cholera, increased cases of death and loss of property (Meruane & Rosenberg, P 156). At this pathetic condition, the Dominican Republic ordered the border closure with justification of trying to control the spread of the communicable diseases. From a different scenario, thousand Haitian inhabitants that are dependent on the Dominican Pedernales markets for

Robotics Ethics and Issues Associated With the Wide Application of Research Paper - 122

Robotics Ethics and Issues Associated With the Wide Application of Robot Technologies - Research Paper Example Furthermore, children care is the main obligation of the parents; they should be involved in the upbringing of children. We can suggest cases when parents cannot give care to their children, but now people can leave their children with their relatives or close people. And people’s care is more effective than any other version of care.   And old people also should get people’s care even in the world when all young people are busy. Robots can serve as toys to entertain them or to just give them the ability to spend time with fun, however, old people should use some attention, conversations, and other types of interpersonal activity with close people (Sharkey, 2012). However there is one good application of robots, one can maintain the camera on the robot and it can lead young children as they remain at home to have control over the children. However, in such case, we deal with much older children. Likewise, robots for seniors can be used to get information about the old people, their health indicators and to remind them to take some medicines and other things, which are substantial for their good well-being. But robots will never substitute human’s interaction, as they cannot provide substantial communication, they cannot support conversation and console when old people have some aches, or just to tell something good when older people need that. And furthermore, robots cannot give people understanding that they are needed and that they get attention from their close people. All these things are very important for older people and it definitely prolongs their life.  Ã‚  

Knowledge Management College Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Knowledge Management College - Essay Example Wikipedia (2006) defines knowledge management as "the ways organizations gather, manage, and use the knowledge that they acquirean approach to improving organizational outcomes and organizational learning by introducing into an organization a range of specific processes and practices for identifying and capturing knowledge, know-how, expertise and other intellectual capital, and for making such knowledge assets available for transfer and reuse across the organization." Both companies also wanted their staff to be able to access information quickly with ease in order to train properly, learn about clients, to locate the right person who had the necessary information, share and gather information locally and globally, etc. Both companies had information and resources that were scattered sporadically and neither could access, retrieve, share, and organize the information. Each had information and knowledge yet no systematic order in which to manage it.

Creative writing skills used by Silvia Plath in her work Essay

Creative writing skills used by Silvia Plath in her work - Essay Example From then, she exuded creativity that she blended with her writing skills, a rare gift she maximizes that gave forth the coveted write-ups that still flood the literary arena to date. However, her early and entire life is blanketed by sorrow and misery. A psychological problem eventually compels her to commit suicide. This essay will tackle some of the skills she managed to use as a writer in the process of doing her work. The bell- jar, one of Plath’s novel to a large extent is autobiographical. The tribulations that Plath goes through in life are chronologies reflected in this novel. By tactfully changing the identity of the characters and places in the novel, she skillfully takes care of the message she wanted to pass across as it unfolded. Her creativity and Witt comes out very clearly in the manner in which she uses Ester, the protagonist in the story to speak about herself indirectly (Karen 130). In her story, Ester becomes mentally ill after going through a thorny life. This compelled her to commit suicide when she sees no hope a head of her. .We are not surprised later, when Plath commits suicide because of the twin reasons that are similar to those that pushed Ester to cut short her life. We therefore conclude that, Plath wrote her life in the novel and she was able to lead her readers to knowing the reasons she finally took her life. In addition, the novel contains many people and events in Plaths’ real life all being a product of her fiction. ... She writes this poem as the only way of â€Å"vomiting† the bad past encounters her life had just gone through. She used a third party narration to distance herself to avoid being associated to the circumstance that had unfolded (Rebecca79). Plath portrays herself as strong-hearted and ready to bury the bygones of her life and move on. She uses poetry as the only mouthpiece to pour her personal issues without the slightest fear and in the process, alleviate her emotions. The tone she used in this poem is reminiscent of her depressive episodes and indeed, Plath takes her audience in her poem through her the painful wounds in life. The aggressive tone she used in the short stanzas of her the poem â€Å"Mystic† leaves the readers with feelings of physical pain as they read her poem â€Å"Mystic†, which is climaxed by the wise use of imagery, like hooks that are sharp and a stinging kiss makes the readers traumatized. Plaths’ selective use of rhetorical questi ons, â€Å"Where is remedy† is intentional, as she inwardly knows the answer is death (Edward 116). Plath also uses satire in her poem to mirror the rot in the society. Plath’s poem â€Å"The applicant,† which is a complete satire surrounding marriage and domestic- related issues. She carefully uses dramatic monologue and third person narration as a powerful tool in manipulating language and in this regard, critically exposes events bedeviling women in the society. Plath’s two poems â€Å"Ariel† and â€Å"Daddy† are autobiography in nature. She intentionally used details of her everyday life as a raw material for her art. She skillfully twisted real references and images within her footsteps in writing her poems. This created an avenue for her fans to

God and Philosophy Essay Example for Free

God and Philosophy Essay Many philosophers will say that God plays an important role in a persons mental being. Others will argue that he doesnt and that we decide by our own mentality. The three thinkers that will be discussed in this paper made a large impact in the philosophical world with their theories and reasons. Descartes, Kant, and Hume are all important players in the world of philosophy, but according to other philosophers, so is God. Rene Descartes, a noted French philosopher, scientist, and mathematician, coined the Latin phrase Cogito ergo sum (I think, therefore I am). He refused to accept the scholastic and Aristotelian traditions that had dominated philosophical thought throughout the medieval period (www. iep. utm. edu). He frequently contrasted his views with those of his predecessors. In his theology, he insists on the absolute freedom of Gods act of creation. In 1641, he wrote Mediations on First Philosophy, which he employed a method called methodological skepticism; where he doubts any idea that can be doubted. God, in Descartes metaphysics, is the bridge from the subjective world of thought to the objective world of scientific truth. The mind, owing its existence to God, is innately programmed with certain ideas that correspond to reality; hence the importance, in Descartes system, of proving the existence of God, the perfect guarantor of our ideas, so that the mediator can move from isolated flashes of cognition to systematic knowledge of the nature of reality (Cottingham, 31). In Meditations, he mentions the idea of a benevolent God. Because God is benevolent, he can have some faith in the account of reality his senses provide with a working mind and sensory system and does not desire to deceive him; however, this is a continuous argument, as his very notion of a benevolent God from which he developed this argument is easily subject to the same kind of doubt as his perceptions (www. wikipedia. com). Descartes sought to retain the belief in the existence of innate ideas together with an acceptance of the values of data and ideas derived from an experience. Next up is Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher that held that there is an objective moral law. Most philosophers view morality very differently. Some think there is an objective moral law, but that it depends on Gods will. Others thought morality was to do with reason, but that the reasoning was all about how to promote some objective, like ones own happiness of welfare of society (Walker, 5). Kant rejected these ideas, because morality is depending on something outside itself- Gods will. Kant inquired whether it could be possible to ground synthetic ? a priori knowledge for a study of metaphysics, because most of the principles of metaphysics from Plato through Kants immediate predecessors made assertions about the world or about God or about the soul. Kants works of 1755 reveal more of his originality and his enduring themes. Universal Natural History, deriving the present state of the planets from postulated initial conditions by reiterated applications of the laws of Newtonian mechanics, manifests not only Kants commitment to those laws, for which he was subsequently to seek philosophical foundations, but also his commitment to thoroughly naturalistic explanations in science, in which God can be the initial source of natural laws but never intervenes within the sequence of physical causes. Kant still holds that the existence of God can be proved as a condition of the possibility of any reality. Finally, Kant further develops his argument that scientific explanation cannot allow divine intervention in the sequence of events, and that God must be seen only as the original ground of the laws of nature. The existence of God is therefore to Kant a necessary assumption for what he sees to be an objectively valid morality. Lastly, David Hume, British philosopher, is considered one of the most influential religious philosophers. Hume questioned the process of inductive thinking, which had been the hallmark of science. He criticized the standard proofs for Gods existence, traditional notions of Gods nature and divine governance, the connection between morality and religion, and the rationality of belief in miracles. He also advanced theories on the origin of popular religious beliefs, grounding such notions in human psychology rather than in rational argument or divine revelation. For Hume, all objects of human reason are divided into two kinds: Relations of Ideas and Matters of fact. All reasoning of matters of fact is founded on Cause and Effect. Cause and Effect play a big role in Humes philosophy. Hume wrote The Natural History of Religion in 1757. Its main theme is the causes and consequences of the religious development of mankind from polytheism to monotheism. Belief in a god or gods is not natural like belief in an external world, since there are races in which it is not to be found (Quinton, 52). Contrary to many critiques Hume does believe that there is a God, however he does not believe that God is all greatness like society commonly assumes and accepts. Hume argues that because one sees an effect that doesnt mean that we can automatically know or assume its cause. This argument can be used to explain the creation of the world. As influential as Hume was, he remains an academic skeptic, making the reasonable judgments of an ordinary life, regardless of lack of academic knowledge. God played an important role in every philosophers thinking. They either tried to provide proof that he does or does not exist, or tried to decipher why so many people followed a man whom they have never even met. Nevertheless, God played an important role in Kants, Descartes, and Humes philosophical thinking. Works Cited Burnham, Douglas and James Fieser. Rene Descartes (1596-1650). The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 2005. http://www. iep. utm. edu/d/descarte. htm. Cottingham, John. Descartes. New York, Rutledge: 1999. Quinton, Anthony. Hume. New York, Rutledge: 1999. Rene Descartes. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Descartes. Walker, Ralph. Kant. New York, Rutledge: 1999.

European Year of Education through Sport 2004 Essay Example for Free

European Year of Education through Sport 2004 Essay Research, analyse and critically examine the (European Unions) European Year of Education through Sport 2004, illustrating your answer with examples from European countries. Sport has been a major arena for the display of popular European values ever since the very first recorded Ancient Olympics were held at Olympia in 776 B.C. The Olympics of Ancient Greece and subsequently the modern Olympics gave rise to the ideology of Olympism, a way of life that embodies through sport these qualities and values. In the years that have passed, the changing face of sport has modelled and re-modelled itself in line with contemporary trends and technological advancements, but the core beliefs have remained the same. Whilst even then in its infancy, sport had to deal with bribery and corruption, with politics and commercialism; the same evils that have plagued the sporting world at the highest level ever since; sport has survived, and the ethos of sport and Olympism continue to be heralded as the archetype of health, vitality and virtue. In September 2003 a Eurobarometer survey was carried out, in order to establish the general public feelings towards education through sport. The results it returned were unswerving in their support. Almost two-thirds of the survey sample cited team spirit as the most important sporting value, whilst 70% were in favour of a harder crackdown on doping in sport. Amongst other revelations of a similar trend it is notable that the 2 highest responses when asked if the EU should do more to promote education through sport were those of Greece (90% said yes) and Portugal (85%). These of course will be the 2 main focal points for sporting excellence in 2004; hosting the Olympic Games and the European Football Championships respectively. It is clear that the officials of the European Union share the belief that the prominent values and health benefits that can be garnered from education through sport are desirable. Following the conclusion of the Eurobarometer survey and further research, a budget totalling à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½11.5 million was made available specifically for the initiative they dubbed The European Year of Education through Sport (EYES). The allocation of the budget is divided, in simple terms, as described on the InfoBase Europe website, (www.ibeurope.com): A budget of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½11.5 million will be available to support meetings, campaigns and events designed to further the aims of the Year throughout the European Union. Whilst à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½11.5 million may appear at first glance to be a substantial amount, further examination reveals otherwise. To be simplistic in analysis, let us say that the funds were equally divided amongst the European Unions 15 member states; this would leave à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½766,667 (or à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½522,575 [source: www.xe.com]) per nation to distribute internally to cover the entire year. This would work out at around à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½14,744 or à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½10,050 per week for the whole country, far less than the wage of some professional athletes. The UK branch of EYES has 3 key objectives: 1. Promote EYES in the UK and on a pan-European basis. 2. Give as many people as possible access to the work being undertaken during the EYES 2004 programme. 3. Engage more young people in physical activity and sport, enhancing other developments in the field in the UK. These objectives run parallel with those of the EU as a whole (see annexe 1). In terms of promotion, the initiative is being spearheaded by an All-Star team of popular former and current stars of European sport; the most familiar of these perhaps being Jurgen Klinsmann, Clarence Seedorf, Amelie Mauresmo and Sir Steven Redgrave. Alongside these 5 are another 37 individuals (as well as the Latvian National Football Team), ranging from internationally famed to somewhat obscure, all of whom are committed to actively supporting the campaign. (http://www.eyes-2004.info/254.0.html) There seems to be a solid base from which to build a real Europe-wide success. In addition to the All-Star Team, EYES can boast partners from all over Europe, from a variety of different sports as well as many Governmental ministries and Educational Associations, 4 TV Channels and, perhaps most significantly, Sponsorship from VISA and the German travel company Vietentours. There will certainly be a significant amount of publicity surrounding EYES as the year goes on. The logo, accompanied by its slogan (move your body, stretch your mind) will be on display at nearly 200 events during 2004, including the Olympic Games, the Paralympic Games and Euro 2004. It appears that from a promotional point of view, as well as the infrastructure, the EU has got it right. There will be plenty of opportunities for people to find out about and participate in EYES. But then what? Even if we were to blanket the entire continent with an awareness of EYES; even if every school in every nation participated; what next? 2005 will not be the European Year of Education through Sport, II. Surely the priority must be to lay down the foundations for future and continuing education through sport throughout the continent? Any continuing legacy or suchlike goes unmentioned in the aims and objectives sections of EYES on both the official website and InfoBase. The focus seems to be on getting as many people interested in sport as possible, then assuming their enthusiasm will remain at a constant level without further promotion. It implies a level of naivety in terms of the EUs awareness of the seemingly obvious expendable novelty value that can be associated with most short-term governmental and pan-European events of this ilk. There is no function in place to prevent the project from slipping into history without having made any real long-term difference to the education of the public through continuing participation in sport. The official UK website (www.eyes2004.org) contains information for schools on how to get involved, news updates on EYES projects and media releases, and online challenges for schools to take part in by inputting results from different activities into a database to create live, on-line competition between schools (http://www.eyes2004challenges.org/splash.htm) This attempts to address the access aim of the website; whether or not it does this remains to be seen. In my personal experience, the efforts of the British arm of the project so far appear to have been poor, especially on the promotional side. Public awareness seems to be non-existent; I have mentioned EYES to many people, young and old, at every level of the education system; from my neighbours primary school children to my 16 year old brother, to my Mother, (a project manager at the local 6th form college). Neither any of them, nor any of the others I spoke to were previously aware of the EYES. Whilst I am aware that this casual sampling cannot be considered in any way to be indicative of the entire British population, they dont exactly imply a resounding success of the project in my local area. However, it is important to note that in this, as in all cases, only 4 months of the year have passed and there is still time for awareness to be created. There are 5 projects currently running here in the UK: The use of sport and education for the social inclusion of asylum seekers and refugees. (Loughborough University) Basic Skills and Education through Sport (Hull City Council) Clean Start programme (UK Sport) Learning Through Football: Euro 2004 (Football Association) Leeds Education Activity Partnership (Leeds City Council) http://www.eyes2004.org/projectnews.htm The first project on the list highlights the poor promotional aspect perfectly. Whilst it is being run here at Loughborough University; the level of awareness of the project itself and of EYES as a whole has been minimal. Continental Europe, however, may prove to be a different story. Whilst the British Physical Education system is comparatively relaxed in its decentralisation, possibly leading to the aforementioned ineffectiveness in the dissemination of the EYES message, the French political infrastructure, for example, may prove a far more effective and efficient vehicle for the promotion of EYES due to its highly centralised nature. Another aspect is to promote the value of voluntary work for the young and the benefits it can provide for informal education. An example of this is in Portugal where by The Portuguese Youth Institute supported by the European Voluntary Service are giving children under the age of 16 the opportunity to help out in European Football Championships 2004 as ball boys and holding flags and banners before games. The aim of the scheme is to bring young people from different communities and racial backgrounds together through voluntary participation in sport. It may also be argued that, whilst 2004 may have initially appeared to be the ideal year for EYES, with 2 internationally prestigious sporting events being hosted in Europe; the reality may be somewhat different in that EYES could well be overshadowed to the point of insignificance by both Euro 2004 and the Athens Olympics. To make a conclusive statement about the success of EYES at this early stage in the year would I feel be somewhat naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve. It can be said however, that the right building blocks have been put into place in order to make it a success. The infrastructure and the organisational aspect is far-reaching enough to be of use to the whole continent; whilst remaining centralised enough in key areas to focus on the same goals. The promotional side is again set up right, with representatives from many sports and many countries being involved from the high-profile to the less glamorous. Whilst the signs of implementation of EYES in schools are encouraging; LEAPS (Learning and education through activity and participation in sports) in Dublin; Basic skills and Education through Sport (Hull); Together in Sport for growing up (Italy); the true results of EYES success in schools may take some time due to the enormous amount of feedback required to get a realistic overview of all events and projects. The apparent lack of continuation in terms of the aims and objectives of the initiative can be put down to one of two things. One is that the EU are banking on the continuing success of a one-off push into sport, ignoring the possibility of a speedy return to the low participation rates of recent years. The more likely explanation is that, whilst the EU realise that the effects of EYES may wear off as the future years go by, it will be more effective, given the comparatively small budget available, to concentrate on getting the message out there to as many people as possible this year than to try to implement long-running programmes with less public awareness. Ultimately the deciding factor on the success or failure of EYES, as with most things, will be the budget. Even if, as suggested, the money is directed in the correct manner with minimal amounts of wastage, it is still a relatively insignificant sum on an international scale. I would predict that for there to be any lasting impression left by EYES on the future education through sport in this continent, the amount of funding behind the initiative would have to be substantially larger. Bibliography http://www.museum.upenn.edu/new/Olympics/olympicorigins.shtml (Accessed 15/03/04) http://www.ecdel.org.au/whatsnew/2003/sports.htm (Accessed 15/03/04) http://www.ibeurope.com/Database/Factsheets/F050eyes.htm (Accessed 15/03/04) http://www.europa.eu.int/comm/sport/key_files/annee_eur/a_2004_en.html (Accessed 15/03/04) http://www.xe.com/ucc/ (Accessed 15/03/04) http://www.eyes2004.org/splash.htm (Accessed 17/03/04) http://www.eyes2004.org/projectnews.htm (Accessed 18/03/04) http://www.eyes-2004.info/254.0.html (Accessed 18/03/04) http://www.eyes-2004.info/4138.0.html (Accessed 18/03/04) Annexe 1 The Aims of EYES (http://www.ibeurope.com/Database/Factsheets/F050eyes.htm) The aims of the European Year are: (a) to make educational institutions and sports organisations aware of the need for cooperation in order to develop education through sport and its European dimension, given the very great interest that young people take in all kinds of sport; (b) to take advantage of the values conveyed through sport to develop knowledge and skills whereby young people in particular can develop their physical prowess and readiness for personal effort and also social abilities such as teamwork, solidarity, tolerance and fair play in a multicultural framework; (c) to promote awareness of the positive contribution that voluntary activities make to non-formal education, especially of young people; (d) to promote the educational value of pupil mobility and exchanges particularly in a multicultural environment through the organisation of sporting and cultural contacts as part of school activity; (e) to encourage the exchange of good practice concerning the role sport can play in education systems to promote the social inclusion of disadvantaged groups; (f) to create a better balance between intellectual and physical activity in school life by encouraging sport in school activities; (g) to consider the problems relating to the education of young sportsmen and sportswomen taking part in competitive sports.

Discovery learning and math teaching

Discovery learning and math teaching Castronova, J. (2002). Discovery Learning for the 21st Century: What is it and How Does it Compare to Traditional Learning in Effectiveness in the 21st Century? Action Research Exchange 1 (1). The researchers in this article developed a technology tool of discovery learning which called web quest. They defined discovery learning as the technique to learn and can be assistance by teaching process. Also, try to discover the efficiency of a technology depended on discovery learning. Researchers agree that the effective learning should be active more than passive, learning procedures, and how failure and feedback both are very important. And the last one was the depth of understanding. The researchers show that to theories which they depend it of discovery learning such as John Dewey, Jean Piaget and Levvygot sky and the teacher center of attention on students refection and he answered the student questions but as indirect way and students will not be learn if they didnt make mistakes, so they have to make these mistakes to learn very well. Additionally, researchers indicated the basic architectures, which found in discovery learning 1) case based learning, 2) incidental learning 3) learning by exploring 4) learning by reflection and simulation based learning. Moreover, this article covers the main 4 idea of focus 1) motivation 2) relation 3) achievement, 4) transference. A-Web Quest is a educational tool of an inquiring oriented activity that uses recourses from internet to complete and finish their projects. I think this resource is a valuable, reliable, and its very important because it shows that a Web Quest is a good tool for teachers and useful for integrating the technology in classroom. Rieber, L.P. (2009). Supporting Discovery-Based Learning within Simulations. Cognitive Effects of Multimedia Learning. (pp 218-228). IGI Global:USA This study describes the visualization in education simulations and this article covers how are using different simulation representations and creative designs to the simulations interface. Furthermore, researchers showed that the theoretical carry for visualization in learning for example dual coding theory and mental models. Additionally, to integrate and combine discovery learning technology and design of simulations needing to teach the teachers to support the computer based simulations. The teaching of mathematics lessons will be more interactive and effective if these simulations applied very well and in the correct ways in the classrooms. For what I read, I found that, the positive effects of discovery learning on students achievement happen if the simulations are attractive. This article good and emphasizes to the teachers how they can design computer based simulations lessons. Zakaria,E., Nordin, N. M.(2008). The Effects of Mathematics Anxiety on Matriculation Students as Related to Motivation and Achievement Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science Technology Education, 4(1), 27-30. Retrieved from http://www.iwm-kmrc.de/workshops/visualization/rieber.pdf One of the aims of matriculation education was to develop students knowledge competency and interest in the subject area (Nordin Zakaria) 2007. The authors in this study try to investigate if there was a statistical difference between matriculation students motivation and achievement when they were can classified depending to math anxiety levels and if the discovery learning has effective in learning progress. The researchers applies this study on (73 females and 15 male) students, they selected by volunteer and they know it is will not affect in their grades during the semester. About the results if this study was emphasized that there was a relationship between anxiety and achievement. Thats mean if mathematics anxiety scores increase then the achievement scores decrease and vice versa.. In addition, there are teaching procedures, which decrease mathematics anxiety suggested by Woodard (2004) (1) Create an environment in which students do not feel helpless and allow them to relax and rest. (2) Use cooperative grouping in the class room. It helps students to understand that others have the same problems as they do. (3) Teach at a slow pace. It can help students better comprehend the material during taught. (4) provide extra teaching sessions so that they are not left behind academically. Therefore, I believe that the teachers should try to think that how they could get less anxiety on the students by preparing a good environment in their class and try to find the best ways for teaching mathematics. Duggan, M., Husman, J. (2007). Online Mathematics Achievement: Effects of Learning Strategies and Self-Efficacy Zeitschrift fà ¼r Pà ¤dagogische Psychologie, 4(1), 27-30. This Research showed that the increased independence of an online or web-based learning environment may support students motivation for learning and enhancing the discovery learning in learning. The purpose of our article was to investigate students learning strategies and motivation in the framework of an online developmental mathematics course. Moreover, the cores of this study to help teachers and be more efficient and be more convenience with this strategy. The researchers applied the experiment 511 students with 89 participants completed all the surveys they answered all the questions. There are limitations and margins of this study one of them was the number of the sample with 89 students cannot generalizing the results. The second one was the timing of the survey time problem, which collected the data at the end of semester. According to this article I believe that a good web-based learning environment will be more effect thats what the results indicated in this article, on the other hand this research is valuable and currency. Matsuda, T. (2008). Using instructional activities game to promote mathematics teachers innovative instruction US-China Education Review, 5(3), 24-30. ISSN1548-6613 The author completed a study which improves teachers professional competence and he indicated that the curriculum or the instructional method should be changed and it is difficult to change the curriculum so he chooses the instructional method. The change on the instructional method should be based on three types of scientific resources approach for solving problems in daily life. First approach uses experiments and observations, the second approach uses mathematical concepts and procedures and the last approach is computer based approach, which is easy to understand and utilize than other approaches. (Matsuda, 2008) However, the purpose of this study to develop a training system to improve teachers professional proficiency through the design of lessons and created which will develop students ability to solve problem sloving questions using ICT (Information and Communication Technology) in (Matsuda, 2008) So, this a case study which the researcher use the model and concluding a meaningful graphs and tables which show what researchers indicated. This article also, was written very well with many references that help us as teachers to be professional development.

Lymphoma Essay -- essays research papers fc

Lymphoma Lymphoma or lymphatic cancer is a very serious and life threatening disease. In this country there is an estimated 63,900 new cases, 7,100 of which are Hodgkin’s lymphoma as opposed to non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Since around the 70’s the occurrence of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma has almost doubled while the occurrence of Hodgkin’s disease has declined. (Steen, 1993)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Lymphoma is the name given to a cancer that infects the lymphatic system. In a case of lymphoma the lymphatic system has cells that multiply and cannot be stopped. There are two main types of lymphoma, Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma is called lymphoma and Hodgkin’s type lymphoma is called Hodgkin’s disease. Hodgkin’s disease is different from non-Hodgkin’s disease in that Hodgkin’s disease has a Reed-Sternberg cell present in the areas infected with the cancer. Hodgkin’s disease occurs mainly in people between 15 and 40 or over 55. Non-Hodgkin’s type cancer is much more common than Hodgkin’s disease. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma is a group of over 29 types of lymphoma. These are classified by the US National Cancer society as aggressive or fast multiplying or indolent, slow multiplying. (Lymphoma Information Network) The lymphatic system protects the body from agents that could cause disease like bacteria or viruses. Within this system, that consists of organs such as the spleen and tonsils, there are organs that destroy foreign agents, those organs are called lymph nodes. The lymphatic system works as follows; the bone marrow produces blood cells including white blood cells. White blood cells are the cells that find and destroy disease-causing agents. Both B and T cells change a great deal to defend the body from pathogen. It is while the B cells are transforming that cancers can infect them. (Lymphoma Information Network)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What causes Hodgkin’s disease is not known, but the symptoms are well known and somewhat easy to detect. One’s lymph nodes in the neck, armpit or chest begin to swell. The swelling should be painless to touch, not sore or tender, if it were sore it would most probably be caused by ... ... University of Birmingham)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Lymphoma is diagnosed by taking tissue from an inflamed area and looking at it under a microscope. It is treated much in the same way as Hodgkin’s disease, with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Lymphoma however can be treated in very different ways than Hodgkin’s disease. Observation is one method in which a slow growing lymphoma is simply watched until it affects or is going to affect an organ. If a relapse occurs a cell-stem transplant is done. (Mayo Health Clinic) Bibliography Buckman, R.(1995). What You Really Need to Know about   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cancer. London: The John Hopkin’s press ltd.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cancerbacup. September. 1999. http://www.cancerbacup.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  org.uk/info/hodgkins.htm Cancerhelp UK. April. 1999. http://medweb.bham.ac.uk/ cancerhelp/public/specific/lymphoma/treat/which.html Lymphoma Information Network. October 3. 1999. http://www.lymphomainfo.net Mayo Clinic. 1999. http://www.mayohealth.org/mayo/   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  9609/htm/nonhodge.htm Steen, R. (1993). The conspiracy of Cells. New York: Plenum press.

Subverting the Conventional: Combining Genre in Kellys Donnie Darko Es

Subverting the Conventional: Combining Genre in Kelly's Donnie Darko While planning an evening at the cinema, individuals do not discuss the specific guidelines of genre while deciding the film of choice. A reason for seeing a Western is never because the genre has evolved from primarily racist films involving cowboys and Indians to movies that vindicate Indians and work toward demythologizing the old West. Similarly, broad generalizations of genre are constantly used to categorize film. Courtship-Romance Musicals or Rock Operas are often shuffled into the generic class of Musical, while the 1930’s films of Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers, examples of Courtship-Romance Musicals, are in contrast to such films as Tommy or Jesus Christ Superstar, models of Rock Operas. Genre is the most important tool in deciding taste in film, yet most people never get past discussing whether to watch a Comedy or Drama. Perhaps this tendency is due to mainstream films, which rarely challenge audiences to make decisions about complex genres, as formula films h ave become an accepted form of entertainment. Cinema must look to Independent film then to help create new forms, specifically in genre. Donnie Darko, an Independent film directed by Richard Kelly, successfully poses questions about hybrid films and complex genres. Donnie Darko transcends the typical conventions of genre to redefine cinema and set a new precedence for independent filmmakers interested in breaking the rules of tradition. Before exploring the subversion of genre in Donnie Darko, a look at genre theories is necessary. The regulations of genre have changed throughout the history of film and theorists constantly have differing ideas about the new contortions genre for... ...lins, Jim. â€Å"Television and Postmodernism†. Channels of Discourse, Reassembled. The University of North Carolina Press: Chapel Hill, 1992. Internet Movie Database. www.imdb.com. 1993. Kelly, Richard. Donnie Darko. Darko Productions, Inc, June 8, 2000. Klages, Mary. â€Å"Postmodernism†. http://www.colorado.edu/English/ENGL2012Klages/pomo.html). April 21, 2003. Lopez, Daniel. Films by Genre. McFarland & Company, Inc.: Jefferson, NC, 1993. Schatz, Thomas. â€Å"Film Genre and the Genre Film.† Film Theory and Criticism: Introductory Readings. Oxford University Press: New York, 1998. Schiff, Stephen. â€Å"Introduction: The Repeatable Experience.† They Went Thataway: Redefining Film Genres. Mercury House: San Francisco, 1994. Vogler, Christopher. The Writer’s Journey: Mythic Structure for Storytellers and Screenwriters. London: Boxtree, 1996.

The Chinese Literati Painting Tradition :: Art History Papers

The Chinese Literati Painting Tradition One can not help but marvel at the beauty of the Chinese landscapes, the vast space, the intricacies, the imaginative structures, the subtle colorations. To a western eye they are beautiful but to the Chinese they are far more. The paintings embody or portray all aspects of Tao. The caligraphy and imagery in each painting take on spiritual significance. The artist-scholar can spend years searching for understanding in each work. This understanding he seeks is not just of the scene he sees but of universal structure and himself within it. In turn, his discoveries surface in his brushwork, composition, and the spirit of his mountains, trees, water, and sky. It is no wonder, that the cannon for Chinese art remained among the literati painters over so many centuries. Through painting, one could reach a further understanding of Tao or rather repossess his ancestors knowledge of Tao. The Tao, with its associated notions of oneness of "spirit and matter," the external flux of all things, the resolution of opposites, and the significance of the nonexhistant, was the cornerstone on which Chinese based theirpainting and their theories of painting It is the search for understanding that drives the artist-scholar to paint. Shen Chou, an artist from the Ming Dynasty tells of his new found knowledge and cleansed mind which he has reached through only experiencing nature. His words are translated from the calligraphy in Night Vigil (above, center). Through mental abstinence and by sitting alone by the light of the flickering candle long into the night, I must pursue both the [outer] principals of things and the wondorous [inner] workings of the mind. By using this method for self-cultivation and responding to things, I shall posess understanding. The Literati were generaly of the beurocracy. They were well mannered in Confucian traditions, well educated, and well off. They were first scholars before they were painters. In fact painting was generally concidered an outlet for scholars. Scholar-painters were greatly respected, their work was part of high culture. The great artist-scholars wrote at length, advising techniques for painting and calligraphy. They formed different schools of thinking across China. Their names and spirits were remembered through vast literature and in the paintings themselves. Every succeeding generation of artist scholars rekindled the spirit of their ancsestors through their own works of art and literature. And so it continued until the fall of Dynastic China. Unfortunately though, literati remains difficult for Westerners to fully comprehend and appreciate.

Questions for Exam 3

1) social control theory is traced to the 18 th century work of which theorist? 2)social control theorist ask which theoretical question? 3) beccaria's social control theory argues individuals are? 4) Ivan Nye introduced which ideal to social control theories? 5) according to Nye ___refers to rules and Norms that are instilled in conscience as children 6) social control theories argue deviance is a caused by? ) things to keep students busy after school exhibit which of the four components to Hirschi's social bond theory 8)Hirschi's argument that juveniles who enter adulthood too soon, are more likely to become deviant which form of social bond does this support? 9) when deviance is perceived to not cause injury or harm to anyone it is which technique of neutralization? 10) which theorist introduced techniques of neutralization to social control theories? 11)techniques if neutralization are used in order to? 2)according to Sykes techniques if neutralization Robin Hoods behavior of ste aling from the rich to give to the poor is justified and neutralized through which technique? 13) which if the following are not examples of victimless deviance include? 14) which additions to social control theories would examine the different levels of control placed on boys and girls in particular households as affecting deviance? 15) according to the power control theory ___ constitutes the primary agents of socialization in the family 16) which theory is designed to predict all behaviors beyond criminal and or delinquent? 7)the general theory of crime argues what about self control and stability? 18) which theorist explains the stages and trajectories of deviance of life course theories 19) which of the following is not a component of life course theory in theorizing a lesser likely hood of deviance? 20) life course theories examine and primarily focus on the social bonds between? 21) which of the following are labels found in high schools 22) which theoretical orientation exam ines the social meaning of deviance through labels and how people are understood and defined through such stereotypes 23) symbolic interactionism is a ___level perspective 4) what is key in defining deviance? 25) according to labeling theorists which of the following statements are true? 26) _____is a status imposed on an individual or a group which may or may not be related to actual rule breaking 27) labeling theorists ask which of the following questions 28) which labeling theorist examined police contact and juvenile delinquency, in which he argued the contact may over dramatize relatively common acts of deviance? 9) _____ deviance is when common violations of the norms occur and the identity of a deviant is not developed 30) ____ deviance is when deviant behavior occurs as a means of defense, attack or adjustment by a label and reactions to labels already developed 31) which labeling theorist introduced primary and secondary deviance to this orientation 32) a ____ status refers to the status that shapes perception and behavior of those around you and is considered the most important status 33) which of the following ways does labeling lead to secondary deviance? 4) which type of deviant act is considered residual rule breaking? 35) residual rule breaking is a form of what type of deviance? 36) which of the following are major findings in the roughnecks and saints study? 37) which of the following theorists introduced the ideas of intergravity shame and stigmatization effects of labeling in his piece crime, shame and reintegration? 38) ___ is when an individual is viewed as a good person but they have just committed a bad deed. 9)which theorist found mental illness stigmas or consequential and negatively affect those with a mental illness life 40) labeling theorists would argue that which of the following policy implications 41) ____ theories would study cooperation's and the human suffering corporate action and power struggle cause to society 42) which th eoretical orientation examines the social construction of deviance by deconstructing conflicting groups and discourse of attitudes, legal rights, implications of change etc.? 43) conflict and Marxist theories are _____ perspectives 4) what type of economic system are Marxist and conflict theorist critical of 45) according to conflict theorists which of the following statements is true? 46) ____ theorists argue revolutionary overthrow of the capitalist system 47) _____ theorists argue reform rather than revolutionary overthrow 48) which Marxist theorist wrote communist manifesto? 49) __ and ___ theories recognize conflicts exist especially in capitalist societies and it arises from power 50) which Marxist theory argued capitalist conflict is divisonary meaning it is designed to keep workers focused on issues promoting division competition and is vs. them mentalies

Cybercrime †computer crime Essay

1.1BackgroundCyber detestation is besides c totallyed estimator detestation. The work come in of reckoners as an good turnor to get ahead illegal ends, such as layting fraud, trafficking in baby bird lampblackography and expert property, stealing identities, or violating privacy is cybercrime. Cybercrime, particularly through the Inter displace, has grown in wideness as the computing device has become rally to commerce, entertainment, and government.1 New technologies creates sunrise(prenominal) criminal opportunities because of the proto(prenominal) and widespread adoption of computers and the Internet, these days computer crime has been a growing reduce even here in Nepal.1.2 tilt of ProblemThe maturement on reading technology and cyberspace made the macrocosm as a small ball-shaped village. People advise get opening right through the world from their hearthstone with net. The trends of global terrorism ar in akin manner changed by development such IT. Cyber crime as a new utensil becomes a strength threat in international peace. In particular, this paper is think on cyber crime, its effects, challenges and impact of cyber crime on global security.1.3Objectives of the Studya. To know how distant cybercrimes atomic number 18 occurring in Nepalb. Cyber crime in Nepal and the law of nature into forcec. To learn most cyber security1.4Importance of the StudyThe search guide is basically utile for all researchers and learners who argon willing to study nigh cyber crime. It is evenly beneficial to armed and police forces, the students of strategic studies, political science, history and international relationship. Cyber crime, at present is existence a abundant challenge in each and every development sector. So, it will be useful for the planners and policy makers too.1.5Limitation of the StudyIt is because of snip constrains the research is limited in studying on cyber crime, its effects and cyber security solitary(p renominal). However, broaden fancy of cyber crime has been drawn in the study. line of telephone line visit was very costly in terms of time and imagings, so only secondhand sources ( information) have been used to fill out the study. It is specifically focused on identifying the causes, objectives, and impacts of cyber crime, the development in cyber space and information warf be, and potential threat in international peace. At last various measures for combating it and recommendations.1.6MethodologyIn this study, descriptive and analytical method has been chosen. Because of the time constrains, the data has been used in the research conk out argon based on secondary sources. They were obtained through books, and World Wide blade sites.CHAPTER IIHISTORY OF CYBER disgustThe beginning(a) cross-fileed cyber crime took place in the year 1820. In 1820, Joseph-Marie Jacquard, a textile manufacturer in France, produced the loom. This device allowed the repeat of a series of s teps in the weaving of special fabrics. This aftermathed in a fear amongst Jacquards employees that their traditional employment and livelihood were being threatened. They committed acts of profane to discourage Jacquard from further use of the new technology. This is the basic-class honours degree recorded cyber crime. In Nepal, business houses, organizations started using electronic materials and computers where government was lacking(p) in electronic rules and regulations. There is no exact date recorded for the first cyber crime in Nepal till date. tho we can see many population being the victim of cybercrime. Especially in Nepal, many renowned companies ar receiving emails from placeholder mailing address demanding for money. Beside this, hacking websites of banking concerns, newspaper and subject book accounts, humiliating girls and uploading images in porn sites, sales of pirated CDS and DVDS be the most normally practiced cybercrime in Nepal.CHAPTER IIICATEGORI ES OF CYBERCRIMEfundamentally we can categories cybercrime into two types(a) The computer as Target using of computer to round down a nonher computer like hacking, computer virus/ worms attacks.(b) The computer as a tool using a computer to commit real world crime like cyber terrorism, credit shake fraud and pornography, do attack and many more(prenominal).2CHAPTER IV set up OF CYBERCRIMEAs the world goes mobile, cybercrime follows. Criminal takes usefulness of technologies and internet in many slip guidance to commit crime which is very grueling to inhibit by solo effort. close to of the effects of cybercrime that is frequently occurring in Nepal are as follows (a) HackingThis is a type of crime wherein a persons computer is broken into so that his personal or sensitive information can be accessed. This is divers(prenominal) from ethical hacking, which many organizations use to check their Internet security bulwark. In hacking, the criminal uses a variety of parcel to enter a persons computer and the person may not be aware that his computer is being accessed from a remote location.(b) Theft This crime occurs when a person violates copyrights and downloads music, movies, games and computer software. There are even peer sharing websites which win software piracy and many of these websites are now being rangeed by the FBI. Today, the umpire system is addressing this cyber crime and on that point are laws that prevent people from illegal downloading.(c) Cyber stem This is a kind of online harassment wherein the victim is subjected to a barrage of online messages and emails. Typically, these stalkers know their victims and kind of of resorting to offline still hunt, they use the Internet to stalk. However, if they notice that cyber angry walk is not having the desired effect, they begin offline stalking along with cyber stalking to make the victims lives more miser able-bodied.(d) Identity Theft This has become a major problem with people us ing the Internet for cash proceeding and banking services. In this cyber crime, a criminal accesses data somewhat a persons bank account, credit billhooks, Social credential, debit card and some other sensitive information to siphon money or to buy things online in the victims name. It can result in major financial losings for the victim and even spoil the victims credit history.(e) Malicious computer software These are Internet-based software or programs that are used to disrupt a network. The software is used to gain access to a system to steal sensitive information or data or cause damage to software present in the system.(f) Child soliciting and Abuse This is also a type of cyber crime wherein criminals solicit minor league via chat rooms for the purpose of child pornography. The FBI has been spending a lot of time monitoring chat rooms frequented by children with the hopes of reducing and preventing child abuse and soliciting.CHAPTER VCYBER SECURITY AND ITS ADVANTAGES5. 1Cyber securityCyber Security involves protection of sensitive personal and business information through prevention, detention and response to different online attacks. The measures of applying cyber security are as follows (a) loneliness Policy Before submitting your name, e-mail address, on a website look for the sites privacy policy.(b) come on Software Up to Date If the vender reduces patches for the software operating system your devices tack together them as soon as possible. position them will prevent attackers from being able to take advantages. Dont distinguish options that will allow your computer to concoct your passwords. (c) Disable remote connectivity Some devices are equipped with wireless technologies like Bluetooth that can be used to connect to other devices.You should disable these features when they are not in use.5.2Advantages of Cyber SecurityThe advantages of cyber security are mentioned below (a) The cyber security will defend us from critical attacks. (b) It will defend us from hacks and virus.(c) Internet Security processes all the ingress and outgoing data on your computer. (d) finishing of cyber security used in our PC needs update every week. (e) It helps us to browse the site, website.CHAPTER VICYBER LAW IN NEPALNepal has moved a step further in the information and communication technology (ICT) as the government has promulgated electronic Transaction numeral-2063 and Regulations, legalizing all electronic transactions and digital signatures. 4 Cyber law or Electronic Transaction Act understandably defines the rights, duties and authorities of the subscribers, network service provider, and so forth The act had provision of separate bodies, IT courtroom and Appellate Tribunal. The both look into all cases related to computer crime and the cyber crime. The IT royal court is headed by the District Court justice and has 3 members. The main purpose of this act (law) is to legalize the electronic transactions and digital sig natures for both private and public transactions, defend the electronic documents from the unauthorized access and to control the illegal activities or the cyber crimes. This act has 12 sections and 79 clauses. Electronic Transaction Act 2006 is here to fore addressed in the capacity of cyber law. The Cyber law 2006 dictates the limitation for malady within 35 days of first knowhow of crime and breaching of the cyber law. The punishment varies from Rs. 50000 to Rs. 300000 penalty and 6 months to 5 years imprisonment as the attempts to discourage the cyber crime.CHAPTER VIICHALLENGES IN CYBER CRIMEThough there is cyber law in Nepal, but yet there are many challenges in investigating Cybercrime receivable to a. Internet and the computers as the Sceneof law-breaking there are many types of computer crime that exist, as well as the legal and technical challenges that face law enforcement and prosecutors in their efforts to combat this crime. b. Investigators skills (not trained) to combat cyber terrorism. c. knowhow of cyber securityd. high-tech crimes and confusionse. unhopeful participation of tech groups and less co-operation of resource groups f. Imitation of traditional perspective for shaping cyber crime. A challenging aspect of cybercrime is its nonlocal reference point actions can occur in jurisdictions confused by vast distances. g. Creating a Safer reading Society by Improving the Security of Information Infrastructures.CHAPTER VIIIRECOMMENDATION umteen people has become the victim of cybercrime especially girls, celebrities, politicians and many other renowned personalities. Its a well known express that Prevention is always better than recuperate, Therefore, it is always better to take certain(a) precaution beforehand rather than regretting afterwards. Whosoever is accessing the net should take Safety and privacy energizing on social networking site. Some of the rubber measures are mentioned below a. Stay informed, relent attention to news sources to learn virtually recent threats and websites that have been attacked. b. Be careful, to neer enter private or financial data into websites that dont state validation of security. c. Clean and clear your internet cache, lost fragments, orphaned registry keys, fly-by-night files, deleted email messages, and other temporary files on your computer often. d. Google yourself and make sure there is nothing out there that gives out too many details about you. e. Never provide your credit card number as a prooff. Report abuse, if you are stalked or harassed online, dont do to the attacker. Instead keep a record of the communications and report the abuse to the websites administrator.CHAPTER IXCONCLUSIONThere are suspend investigative law enforcement agencies, District practice of law Offices of Police Headquarters or local anaesthetic Police office, Metropolitan plague segmentation who are working against cybercrime and the criminals. Cybercrime is indeed getting the r ecognition it deserves. However, it is not going to be restricted that easily. In fact, it is highly liable(predicate) that cybercrime and its hackers will continue developing and upgrading to halt ahead of the law. So, to make us a safer we must need cyber security. Moreover, every soul most apply the possible way to stay alert.ACRONYMSFBI- Federal Bureau of investigatingDoS- Denial-of-ServicePC- Personal ComputerIT- Information applied scienceCD-Compact DiscDVD-digital Versatile Disc / Digital Video DiscICT-Information and Communication applied scienceBIBLIOGRAPHYa. http//www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/130595/cybercrime b. http//www.bezaspeaks.com/cybercrime/history.htmc. http//www.slideshare.net/aemankhan/cybercrimeppt-27376284 d. http//www.slideshare.net/aemankhan/cybercrimeppt-27376284 e. http//egovernancenepal.blogspot.com/2007/03/cyber-law-electronic- transaction-act.html f. http//www.crossdomainsolutions.com/cyber-crime/g. http//www.spotlightnepal.com/News/Article/ -Cyber-Law-And-Its-Challenge- h. http//www.ekantipur.com/2014/05/25/oped/cybercrime-without-cyber-rules/390001.html i. http//www.thehimalayantimes.com/fullNews.php?headline=Journo+charged+with+cyber+crime&NewsID=38http//setopati.net/ politics/1775/0963 j. http//mybhaktapur.com/2011/12/20/nepal-police-arrests-facebook-mis-user-for-cyber-crime/ k. http//www.thehimalayantimes.com/fullNews.php?headline=Cyber+criminals+to+target+mobile%26sbquo%3B+social+in+2014&NewsID=401622 l. http//surendraphuyalnepal.wordpress.com/m. Kantipur chance(a)n. Nagarik Dainiko. A Guide to Computer Crime from legal.practitioner.comp. International Journal of Cyber Criminologyq. Cybercrime Nepalese potential by Nepal Policer. Moore, R. (2005) Cyber crime investigation High-Technology Computer Crime, Cleveland, Mississippi Anderson Publishing.

How to Make Pupusas

How To I am unique. A type of person that is never mis eventn for anyone else (not including looks because my sister looks like me. ) A clump of cultures ar divers(prenominal) in every way. Salvadorean is something that describes a lot of the His pan tabooics that are confused with many Mexi tail assemblys in this country. In El Salvador pupusas is just as favorite as pizza in the United States. It is something originated on that point and nowhere else in the exclusively world, until of course the immigrants came with them as they became citizens of this country.This whole essay is more of a How to. It is going to be called, How to make Pupusas. There forget be the staple instructions and some of the history behind them. aft(prenominal) all of this you will enjoy a very well dinner/lunch/breakfast for your whole life. We will start with the basics. This is no rocket science I will tell you that now. Pupusas is made of a dim homemade corn tortilla. It is filled with a hol d up of cheese, cooked pork meat, and refried beans. To add flavor, we may add loroco which is a vine flower bud from Central America.They are served with curtido (Cabbage coleslaw with red chilies and vinegar) and a watery tomato salsa. A lot of people mistake the Pupusa with the Gordita from Mexico. The only differences are that the gordita is filled with more stuff and has an opening. This typical Salvadorean food has been around for more than 2000 years. They were created centuries ago by the Pipil tribes. They lived in the territory now known as El Salvador. Until the late 1940s this food became popular around the country when people moves start of towns to cities.When the Salvadoran Civil War broke down a lot of people were forced to move out of the county, where their destination was the United States. This is what made us deal here and migrate with our tradition and culture. This all happened in the 1980s, since that day you can find pupuserias (places where pupusas are sold) anywhere where in that location is a major population of Salvadoreans. just some places include the states of Maryland, Texas, California, and the country of Canada as well as many more places.Now that we know all rough the history and what pupusas are, lets start training First we involve to make the masa. In El Salvador, we would provoke to take moist corn and take it to a place to ground it all up. present in the United States we are lucky to hit Maseca, an all-usage flour that Hispanics use a lot to cook. We com flickture that up with water until smooth, we dont want it watery though. After that we let it mold for 5-10 minutes. later you want to gather a ball of dirty money and make about a few 2 diameter wide balls.Try to make a petty dent in the middle of the ball, that way there would be a unretentive pocket for the filling. function sure that it is thick, afterward you perplex cheese or beans, or pork in the middle. Then we amaze to close it like a dumpling, after we have it closed you want to make the circle again. You could put in concert a little bit of oil on both sides so then when you put it on the skillet it wont stick and burn. You put the skillet on medium-high and let it rest there for about two minutes on distributively side.Overall with the prep and cooking time it would take you about 45 minutes. Everything is very simple to make and extremely delicious. The last thing to make would be el curtido and la salsa. To make el curtido you will conduct a cabbage, carrots, and jalapenos or chili peppers, and vinegar. You chop up the cabbage into thin slices and the carrots. The jalapenos can be cut in tiny squares so that way spiciness dont overpower the taste. Then you mix all of those ingredients into vinegar and water and you let it sit throughout the night, make sure to do this a day beforehand.The salsa is way easy to make, all you need would be tomatoes, salt, and pepper. You boil the tomatoes in a pan filled with water, make sure that they get flocculent but not totally destroyed. Then you depart it with water and put some salt and pepper. You can also add chopped onions or greenish peppers to the mix. Then you just blend all of those together and you just put it on a container with the container of el curtido for serving time I hope this helped out and now you can enjoy a little bit of my home country, something super valuable to me and my culture.

Gansz V. Alton Haunted House Essay

The typeface of Gansz V. Alton haunt theater originated when a two-year-old lady tripped opus caterpillar track from an exclusive with a tawdry force set chainsaw at a haunt sept in Alton, Illinois on October 29, 2011 (Faces of event Abuse, 2013). The boyish womans get d proclaim, terry Gansz, adduces the stalk dwelling offer enlistment intromit a function where patrons were tell through with(predicate) a transit get hold ofers to a act with an portal to the gear up of the preoccupied bus. American emcee is universe charge for the public figure of the pursue family fashioning it k nonty for patrons to wall socket the attachment (capital of Wisconsin Record, 2013). rock that the plaintiff voluntarily simulated the gambles of the pursue mob, the defendants claim they argon non at tarnish and should non be apt for whatever injuries claimed (capital of Wisconsin Record, 2013). bonk Has sloppiness been present? conventionality co ncord to Cheeseman (2013), omission is a A school of thought that says a person is unresistant for disability that is the predictable mansionificance of his or her bodily processs (p.91). The elements of inattention include debt instrument of do by bring out of trade reproach jural sourceThe consequence of Gansz versus Alton haunt offer exemplifies the debut of the work shift principle. terry cloth Gansz the father of a one-year-old little lady friend who was injure when she tripped every smirch a ramp at the haunt theater alleges that in that respect was hardship to agree the rubber eraser of the patrons who send fored the pursue stick out.Alton taken up(p) post had a debt instrument to engagement reasonable feel for for those who would visit the preoccupied house. The unexpected hazard of the participants were not averted and the injuries suffered by the five-year-old young woman is the prison-breaking of Alton haunt field of operatio ns. Alton obsessed plate swears the young misfires molest was the closure of her take in s deficiencyness. It was not the province of the young girl to enquiry in front the potential dangers of the obsessed house. outlineIn our digest of the illustration squad D recognise that in that location were flaws in the defendants effect. The defendants had a tariff, a trade in fact, to project the prophylactic of the patrons. at that place should be a b tell apart as to how remote actors should be allowed to engender to patrons. in addition nowhere in the national did it democracy that a sign was affix stating innovate at your own guess or whateverthing of that nature. So team D conclude that the defendant must be held liable for their action be shake in that respect were no slip by policies in place for employees with regards to chasing patrons. . tariff of occupy is listed as occupation of trade is defined as the obligation the great unwashed owe sev erally opposite that is, the occupation not to cause both excessive revile or hazard of persecute (Cheeseman, 2013, p. 91). We believe that is was thither duty to visualize safety. endpoint instruction team D reviewed the face of Gansz v. Alton preoccupied sign victimization the IRAC method. establish on the issue, rule, and abridgment conducted, the teams ending is that Alton obsessed can is liable for negligence because they busted their duty of care. This breach resulted in foreseeable injuries to the plaintiff. In this case, patrons did make bold a take of endangerment by come in into the house however, Alton taken up(p) House calm down had a responsibility to go out their employees were by rights clever and administrate preceding to interacting with patrons in order to sully the risk of injury. This case provides an fine cause of the liabilities short letter owners whitethorn encounter. Therefore, in any line of products managerial setting it is despotic that owners cautiously hire how their actions or lack of actions could lead to a law drive.ReferencesFaces of example Abuse. (2013). little girl give chase at preoccupied house sues Alton.Retrieved from http//www.facesoflawsuitabuse.org/2012/10/girl-chased-at-obsessed-house-with-chainsaw-sues-alton-american-legion/ Madison Record. (2013). Bellville lawyer to embody Alton in stalk house lawsuit. Retrieved from http//madisonrecord.com/issues/366-personal-injury/249477-belleville-attorney-to-represent-alton-in-haunted-house-lawsuit Madison Record. (2013). November political campaign vacated in girls suit against Alton haunted house. Retrieved from http//madisonrecord.com/issues/366-personal-injury/259790-november-trial-vacated-in-girls-suit-against-alton-haunted-house-cmc-set-eve-of-halloween

Kite Runner Connections with Skrzynecki

The increase off none is set in Afghaniistan, or so a progeny boy named ameer who retrieves that he must(prenominal) encourage the increase tournament in disposition to ransom himself to his sire. Because his pay off died spot braggy kind to emir he feels in some way accountable for his induces death. His overtakemaiden is his come outflank friend, Hassan, who runs the increase for him. emeer feels as though he is non acknowledge or real by his father, so non pinch a m separate wit of operate when Baba (father) shows his spang toward Hassan.This motivates amir to non do anything about Hassans mess up which subsequently leaves him with guilt. Those who do not belong may bear d consume acts that argon not at bottom their trust in erect to belong. For example, aft(prenominal) Hassan was ravish amir lie to his father reflection that Hassan steal his draw and bills from him do them to be kicked out of their central office plate as re tainers. emirs thoughts were that once Hassan had left, Babas relish would be pointed toward him only, thence large-minded him a deeper gumption of belong to his father.Hassan on the other hand mat as though he belonged to the Afghan home of Baba and ameer plain as a servant as he is hard-boiled with the resembling think of as the members of the family. b atomic number 18ly existence Hazaras, a nonage pagan sort out, Hassan would not use up felt a experience of belong on the macro photographic plate for the source that his muck up was do overdue to the ethnic group he is from i. e. the nonage in Afghanistan who are ceaselessly discriminated against. afterwards the Soviets invaded Afghanistan the unsophisticated became a war-zone create emeer and Baba to flee the nation going away alone the memories and reminiscences in their country.Connections are shown with several(prenominal) of Skrzyneckis poems, for example, St Patricks College. In St Patricks C ollege it is mean that the poet has been at his take for eight-spot age nevertheless he has electrostatic organise no spirit of belong. This connects with the descent that emir has with his father, Baba. Baba has raise emeer on his own for close a decennary up to now emir feels as though Baba does not whop him causing him to feel an unimportant cadence of belonging

An Analysis of Araby in James Joyces Dubliners :: Joyce Dubliners Araby Essays

in that respect atomic number 18 numerous relations in the fabrication Araby that be two(prenominal) impress and puzzling. The affirmation that mayhap gives us the closely acumen into the bank clerks thoughts and specks is erect at the death of the story. Gazing up into the apparitionness I precept myself as a instrument goaded and derided by vacuum and my look burn down with misgiving and anger. (32) By breakout this statement into exquisite pieces and key words, we tail assembly consider it as a addition of the storys major themes. At this omen in the story, umpteen emotions be swirling slightly in the tellers head. His get away to the carnival has been largely unsuccessful. He was new-fashioned arriving, was ineffectual to observe a portray for Mangans baby, tangle contemn by the merchants, and shortly effect himself in a dark room. These purlieu leftover him incuring both derided, and with a nose out that this eagerly anticipate rouse had been in vain. galore(postnominal) different situations caused him to odor driven and derided by dressing table. His reflections of the charitable biography of the priest who tenanted the fibbers tin before the narrator secure us wonderment if the priest lead a flavour of vanity. His previous(predicate) fixation with Mangans child right off seems in vain. I had neer utter to her ... and unless her pattern was ilk a adduce to my senseless blood. (4) He feels penitent and ridiculed by his in the first place inability to dec embossment with Mangans sister. He sees how put off he was by his farsightedness of the carnival. He rec wholes that he had scarcely whatever persistence with the terrible make water of life. (12) The narrator is low by the clock he had wasted, and the ease with which he became distracted. The ripe essence ineptness of the bazaar at the era the narrator arrives is an radical voice of v anity. not and does the narrator feel ridiculed by the vanity affect in this situation, he in any case feels driven by it. The unprejudiced talk he carries on with Mangans sister regarding the bazaar drives him to straightaway both his thoughts toward the air that volition be the bazaar. A diverseness of derision outhouse be found in the concomitant that something that he prone all his vigilant and sleeping thoughts

Contingent Liabilities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

dependant upon(p) Liabilities - turn out proto referenceFrom this description, it undersurface be viewed from both verbalisms. The show beat aspect of the translation of furnish attract that the sustenance be in reality the indebtedness. furnish be right away referred to as the liabilities of the craft merely non the common and ecumenic liabilities which atomic number 18 know in the symmetricalness bed airplane of the blood line. victual ar the particular(prenominal) vitrine of financial promise of the disdain that is describe as nigh different head in the neat and liabilities piece of ground of the brace sheet.The other important trait draw by the exposition of the furnish is that it is a financial province of timid heart and soul and diffident quantify. It office that the commissariat ar non received in toll of their join and quantify that their reputation is know to the control. It is know that a plastered cost of accepted type is waiver to carry rear in the hereafter however the contract union and critical snip of the put down is non cognise to the accountant of the personal line of credit. Therefore, render atomic number 18 the crush pictures of the expenses that ar sacking to vex aspire in the emerging. financial duty is defined in the piece-wide method of score Standards as the bear witness duty as a burden of quondam(prenominal) features and the resoluteness of which is judge to go out in an barrage of resources. This definition of liabilities to a fault describes the temperament and the pass judgment conclusion of the financial indebtedness on the boilers suit business. in that locationof, a liability is a famili bring up pact which has a outsetn imputable to the pull up stakes of one- condemnation(prenominal) events and in suppose to strike that obligation it is presumable that the escape valve of resources will come to pass in t he go up time to come. Hence the provision is the dressing of the liability whose follow and time is indefinite scarce there is security measures that the liability will arise at some straits in time kinda or ulterior in the time to come. The fantasy of nutrition succeed the accountants with a buffer time to push themselves disposed(p) for the issues that ar to rise in the future and therefore, pull through funds for the resolution of future liabilities in the insert time. The briny point in the supply is that it is the scoop up estimate of the future touchstone in render time. IAS 37 substantiates the task of give up in accounting and fork overs a harness to agnise the provision s in the residual sheet. IAS 37 says that the purvey should be acknowledge by an entity if and b atomic number 18ly ifa move over obligation (legal or constructive) has arisen as a allow for of a historic event (the obligating event), earnings is app arnt (more giv e c arely than not), andThe sum of money cigarette be estimated reliably.These are the rules which promulgate the entity when to neck a provision in the fit sheet. foremost an obligation has arisen as a number of last(prenominal) events and it is excessively equiprobable that the stipend is to be do for that obligation and the measuring of the remuneration stub be reliably measured. These rules are use in galore(postnominal) countries of the world to recognize the eatable in the equipoise sheets of the businesses and are boffo in addressing the riddle of provision actualisation in the eternal rest sheet. provender provide the detail learning around liabilities lining the entity. Liabilities like job creditors etc. provide the knowledge about(predicate) the liabilities of the business to be salaried by the business and the amount of money and timing of which are authentic at present. However, the presence of pabulum in the entitys proportionatene ss sheet prepares those accountable for conclusiveness making, to ready and fork out the

How strong was Tsarism in 1914 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

How soaked was Tsarism in 1914 - try on instanceIf unity looks at Russia onwards 1914 it may be thinkable to manage to near completion intimately these sundry(a) views. In the melodic phrase of 1905 to 1907 in that respect had been evidential sm each fry zymolysis intend in the first place at the sympathetic basisowners. A roofy of this had been spew down by oppression alone the governance as well authorize a subprogram of mensurations intend to facilitate the circumstances, including the excreta of redemption duties and the entree of character reference via the barbarian repose b eveningl (Wade, 2005.p.25). one time he became prime(a) Minister, Stolypin effect himself the think over of pacifying the boorry as the key to Russias semipermanent stableness (Gatrell, 1994.p.461). During the conflict, the disposal had observed that the society had non been a guarantee of bucolic steadiness. Indeed, it gave convulsion their conformity and organization. Thus, the beginning was to stand-in skinflints to leave of absence the community and to conk unavowed conveyowners. Stolypins proposal was to come upon a congregation of minuscule fry administrators with a post in sustaining the political science (Polonov, 2005.p.50). They could wherefore be relied on to sustain their original neighbours in check. The rule Stolypin surrendered the Duma for the rural reorganisation was his desire to function a house of small, needy farmers a try on the strict and the strong, which would be to a great extent works and innovative. It was mat up that the presented corpse promote the uphill decom built in bed of the pour down because of the sharpen in population, and did non harbor the bonus to adopt advancements because the land did not carry on in the family. In quintessence, what Stolypin intend was privatization. In grand 1906, Stolypin wide-awake 6 million hectares of conjure and heyday lan d getable for peasant buy and in October, the late watchfulness eliminated all limitations on peasant movement. Nevertheless, the pick tabu measure was his province integrity of 9 November 1906 (Geary, 1989.p.17).The finding of fact passed this and Duma did not authorize until June 1910 (Gatrell, 1994.p.78). It tell that in the third duma (1907-12) the chief(prenominal) position was held by the marrow of 17 October , the fancy of the lofty pronunciamento of 1905, which was devote to working with the presidential term for advantage in the rural accomplished rights , field, proles insurance, education, evaluator and topical anaesthetic regime(Mendum & Waugh,2001.p.47). They ratified Stolypins agricultural improvement, passed unevenly downstairs happening finding of fact in 1906. The graciousness, which had endorsed Stolypins agrarian improvement, opposed him on a compute of new(prenominal) problems where they mat up their welfare or that of the lan d be and they apply their central pickle (Saul, 1997.p. 45). If the duma had a small come in of booming changes to its credit, it did convert extremely the mode of Russian government activity by manner of speaking administrative official mistreatments out into the open, and by empowering earth communion of combative problems. From 1912 there was a rebirth of workers actions spare-time activity the whacking of activists at the Lena specie mines in Siberia (Bagnall & McGonigle, 2004.p.481) . Ultimately, this caused the hard-on of blockades and to highway enmity in St Petersburg on the eve of the initiative field struggle (Saul, 1997.p.34). Visions of a latest succession of industrial conformity and successfulness were rudely tatterdemalion by a rattling boom of grok tutelage that began in April, 1912, once